Asymptomatic Bacteriuria - American Family Physician
Jul 15, 2020 - Asymptomatic bacteriuria, defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of urinary symptoms, is a common clinical finding that often warrants a decision about whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy. There are few indications to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0715/p99.html
Peritonsillar Abscess - American Family Physician
Apr 15, 2017 - Peritonsillar abscess is the most common deep infection of the head and neck, occurring primarily in young adults. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of clinical presentation and examination. Symptoms and findings generally include fever, sore throat, dysphagia, trismus, and a hot ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0415/p501.html
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Outpatient Insulin Management - American Family Physician
Jan 1, 2018 - In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin may be used to augment therapy with oral glycemic medications or as insulin replacement therapy. The American Diabetes Association suggests the use of long-acting (basal) insulin to augment therapy with one or two oral agents or one ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0101/p29.html
Acute and Chronic Urticaria: Evaluation and Treatment - American Family Physician
Jun 1, 2017 - Urticaria commonly presents with intensely pruritic wheals, sometimes with edema of the subcutaneous or interstitial tissue. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 20%. Although often self-limited and benign, it can cause significant discomfort, continue for months to years, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0601/p717.html
Acute Appendicitis: Efficient Diagnosis and Management - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2018 - Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in adults and children, with a lifetime risk of 8.6% in males and 6.7% in females. It is the most common nonobstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. Findings from the history, physical examination, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0701/p25.html
Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis - American Family Physician
Dec 1, 2015 - An elevated white blood cell count has many potential etiologies, including malignant and nonmalignant causes. It is important to use age- and pregnancy-specific normal ranges for the white blood cell count. A repeat complete blood count with peripheral smear may provide helpful ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1201/p1004.html
Common Skin Rashes in Children - American Family Physician
Aug 1, 2015 - Because childhood rashes may be difficult to differentiate by appearance alone, it is important to consider the entire clinical presentation to help make the appropriate diagnosis. Considerations include the appearance and location of the rash; the clinical course; and associated ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0801/p211.html
Acute and Chronic Paronychia - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2017 - Paronychia is inflammation of the fingers or toes in one or more of the three nail folds. Acute paronychia is caused by polymicrobial infections after the protective nail barrier has been breached. Treatment consists of warm soaks with or without Burow solution or 1% acetic acid. ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0701/p44.html
Syncope: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2017 - Syncope is an abrupt and transient loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. It accounts for 1% to 1.5% of emergency department visits, resulting in high hospital admission rates and significant medical costs. Syncope is classified as neurally mediated, cardiac, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0301/p303.html
Exercise Stress Testing: Indications and Common Questions - American Family Physician
Sep 1, 2017 - Exercise stress testing is a validated diagnostic test for coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients, and is used in the evaluation of patients with known cardiac disease. Testing of asymptomatic patients is generally not indicated. It may be performed in select deconditioned ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/0901/p293.html
Potassium Disorders: Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2015 - Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are common electrolyte disorders caused by changes in potassium intake, altered excretion, or transcellular shifts. Diuretic use and gastrointestinal losses are common causes of hypokalemia, whereas kidney disease, hyperglycemia, and medication use are ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0915/p487.html
Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2016 - Hyperthyroidism is an excessive concentration of thyroid hormones in tissues caused by increased synthesis of thyroid hormones, excessive release of preformed thyroid hormones, or an endogenous or exogenous extrathyroidal source. The most common causes of an excessive production of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0301/p363.html
Diagnosis and Management of Common Foot Fractures - American Family Physician
Feb 1, 2016 - Foot fractures are among the most common foot injuries evaluated by primary care physicians. They most often involve the metatarsals and toes. Patients typically present with varying signs and symptoms, the most common being pain and trouble with ambulation. Diagnosis requires ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0201/p183.html
Secondary Hypertension: Discovering the Underlying Cause - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2017 - Most patients with hypertension have no clear etiology and are classified as having primary hypertension. However, 5% to 10% of these patients may have secondary hypertension, which indicates an underlying and potentially reversible cause. The prevalence and potential etiologies of ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1001/p453.html
Evaluating Medical Decision-Making Capacity in Practice - American Family Physician
Jul 1, 2018 - Medical decision-making capacity is the ability of a patient to understand the benefits and risks of, and the alternatives to, a proposed treatment or intervention (including no treatment). Capacity is the basis of informed consent. Patients have medical decision-making capacity if they...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0701/p40.html
Diagnosis and Management of Sodium Disorders: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia - American...
Mar 1, 2015 - Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are common findings in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Sodium disorders are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders. Hyponatremia ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0301/p299.html
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Premenopausal Women - American Family Physician
Apr 1, 2019 - Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common symptom in women. The acronym PALM-COEIN facilitates classification, with PALM referring to structural etiologies (polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia), and COEIN referring to nonstructural etiologies (coagulopathy, ovulatory ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0401/p435.html
Shoulder Dystocia: Managing an Obstetric Emergency - American Family Physician
Jul 15, 2020 - Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency in which normal traction on the fetal head does not lead to delivery of the shoulders. This can cause neonatal brachial plexus injuries, hypoxia, and maternal trauma, including damage to the bladder, anal sphincter, and rectum, and postpartum ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0715/p84.html
Evaluation of Neck Masses in Adults - American Family Physician
May 15, 2015 - Neck masses are often seen in clinical practice, and the family physician should be able to determine the etiology of a mass using organized, efficient diagnostic methods. The first goal is to determine if the mass is malignant or benign; malignancies are more common in adult smokers ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0515/p698.html
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Management - American ...
Nov 1, 2017 - Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, also referred to as diastolic heart failure, causes almost one-half of the 5 million cases of heart failure in the United States. It is more common among older patients and women, and results from abnormalities of active ventricular ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2017/1101/p582.html
Vaginitis: Diagnosis and Treatment - American Family Physician
Mar 1, 2018 - Vaginitis is defined as any condition with symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge, odor, irritation, itching, or burning. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. Bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2018/0301/p321.html
Anticoagulation: Updated Guidelines for Outpatient Management - American Family Physician
Oct 1, 2019 - Anticoagulation therapy is recommended for preventing, treating, and reducing the recurrence of venous thromboembolism, and preventing stroke in persons with atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants are first-line agents for eligible patients for treating venous thromboembolism ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/1001/p426.html
Management of Constipation in Older Adults - American Family Physician
Sep 15, 2015 - Chronic constipation is common in adults older than 60 years, and symptoms occur in up to 50% of nursing home residents. Primary constipation is also referred to as functional constipation. Secondary constipation is associated with chronic disease processes, medication use, and ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0915/p500.html
Diagnosis and Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder in Adults -...
May 1, 2015 - Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) are among the most common mental disorders in the United States, and they can negatively impact a patient’s quality of life and disrupt important activities of daily living. Evidence suggests that the rates of missed diagnoses ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0501/p617.html
Chronic Diarrhea in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis - American Family ...
Apr 15, 2020 - Chronic diarrhea is defined as a predominantly loose stool lasting longer than four weeks. A patient history and physical examination with a complete blood count, C-reactive protein, anti-tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (IgA), total IgA, and a basic metabolic panel are useful ...
American Family Physician : Article
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2020/0415/p472.html